28 May Apollo God of Divination

“Let him magnify the truth, it will magnify him. Let him strengthen truth, it will strengthen him.” —Leabhar na Nuachonghbala (Book of Leinster), 95-117 AD

MYTHOLOGICAL JOURNEY

Fulfilling destiny is a common theme in the mythological journey of a hero or heroine. In conducting research for my series, Cuse of Clansmen and Kings, I was intrigued by the various rituals performed by the Greek, Roman and Celtic civilizations to foretell the future or to seek divine advice about a current situation. Some of the rituals described below are based on historical accounts.

Apollo in Chariot

Ancient Rome and Greece

In ancient Rome and Greece, temples offered divinatory services through rituals. Most of these temples were devoted to Apollo, the God of Divination. One of the most famous temples is located at Delphi. In one ritual, the worshipper meets directly with the god or goddess in a dream. After a specific ritual or drug has been prepared to help the person contact the divinity, the worshipper spends the night in the sanctuary, often called the sleeping room. In the morning, a temple priest or priestess helps the person interpret the dream. This method, called “incubation” after the Latin for “to sleep” incubare, was widely practiced in the healing sanctuaries of Apollo’s son, Asceipius.  In Book 2: Dagger’s Destiny (Curse of Clansmen and Kings), Marcellus visits the Temple of Minerva and dreams of his destiny with Catrin, a Celtic warrior queen.

Private consultation could also be made through a medium possessed by the divine. Seers inspected entrails, especially livers, of sacrificed animals, interpreted the flight patterns of birds, or performed divination with a bowl of water or a mirror. Commanders of armies and rulers sought out these inspired soothsayers to interpret their dreams and to acquire advice from the god or goddess.

Apollo with Lyre

Ancient Celts

Spirit-possession as a way of communicating to the supernatural world was a global phenomenon, although the specific ceremonies varied from culture to culture. The Celtic seers, known as druids (female: druidesses), practiced auguries that could foretell the future and interpret nature by searching for omens in the death throes of human sacrifices, in the entrails of sacrificial animals, and in the behavior of birds. In both Irish and Welsh mythology and legends, the craft of foretelling was an essential part of the story. Often, in the attempt to thwart their fate prophesied by the Druids, the heroes or heroines undertake adventures which inevitably lead them to the fate they sought to prevent. This is a theme explored in the epic historical fantasy series, Curse of Clansmen and Kings.

Horn God Cernunnos Depicted on Gundestrup Cauldron

Bibliography

Graff, Fritz, 2009. Apollo. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Berresford Ellis, Peter, 1994. The Druids. Published in the USA 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

© Copyright May 28, 2012 by Linnea Tanner. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.